DIAGNOSE COMPARATIVA DA FERRUGEM ASIÁTICA (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) NAS DUAS ÚLTIMAS SAFRAS (2004/05 E 2005/06) NA REGIÃO DE ITUVERAVA, SP

Abstract

The Fitopatológica Clinic of the “Dr. College Francisco Maeda” - FAFRAM, Ituverava-SP, with the support of the Bayer CropScience inside of project SOS- Soy, comes making diagnose of the Asian rust in the region since 2004. From May 2005 this laboratory was credential in the trust antirust of the EMBRAPA. In the harvest of 2005/06 377 deriving samples of 22 cities of the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais had been evaluated, between them what it presented greater number of samples was of Ituverava, SP, whereas in the harvest of previous it was Uberaba, MG. In this harvest the percentage of samples with rust were greater that in the last harvest (increase of about 60%). It must be considered that the sampling evaluated in the two harvests was practically the same one (350 in harvest 2004/05 and 377 in 2005/06); 20 of the 21 to cultivate had presented pústulas except cultivating BRS 214, comparative the 13 of 18 to cultivate evaluated in harvest 2004/05. The first focus detected in this harvest occurred in day 31/10 of 2005 in pivot area, contrasting with the last harvest where the rust was detected only in 4 January. The rust had beginning in vegetative phases (from V3), differing from the passed harvest, where the illness alone appeared in reproductive stadiums, mainly R1, that was also the stadium that presented greater index of the illness in the two harvests. Concluding the Asian rust it more precociously appeared and in a bigger number of samples since the vegetative stadium in harvest 2005/06 in comparison the previous harvest. This fact probably had the ambient conditions more favorable and also to the presence of anticipated plantation in pivot areas.